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合同与协议的区别

08-08 11:04:06浏览次数:624栏目:商务英语写作
标签:商务英语写作,商务英语写作常用句型, 合同与协议的区别,

  In the presence of

  新加坡的通用合同分五部分:

  第一部分:称为parties, 主要介绍合同各方的姓名或名称,注册地国及地址、邮编及各自在合同的简称。开头框架一般为:

  THIS AGREEMENT is made the ——__________ day of _____ (month),____ (year) between A _______ (hereinafter called "The Company") of the part and B______, (hereinafter called "The Manager") of the other part.

  句子开头THIS AGREEMENT

  或CONTRACT和当事人的姓名和名称,都应大写。当事人是自然人的,用“of”和其后的住址相连;是法人或非法人单位的,用“having its registered office at”和其后注册地址相连。

  第二部分:称为recital.以WHEREAS开头,进入叙述部分,用陈述正式说明当事人订立合同的原因。

  第三部分:称为habendum,正文。具体约定当事人的权利和义务。正文部分的结束段为:

  IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have set their hand the day and year first above written. ,

  这段作用相当于中文合同的“双方签字盖章,特此为证”。

  第四部分:称为schedule或addendum,附录。是对前述合同部分条款的必要补充。不是所有合同都有这一项。

  第五部分:称为attestation,证明部分。当事人如果自然人,用“SIGNED by __” 英文写作翻译;连接后填写见证姓名的表达部分“In the presence of ____”;当事人是法人或非法人单位时,授权代表后接的是“SIGNED for and on behalf _____ of____”,然后才是In the presence of _______.与中文合同的显著不同是签章处除当事人外,多了一个In the presence of _______供证人签字之处。另一不同的是合同订立日期没有放在合同最后,而是出现在开头段的当事人介绍部分。

  第五部分在新加坡还有另一种表达“As Witness our Hands this _____day of _____,in the year of our Lord Tow Thousand and One.

  Signed, sealed, and delivered by the above named

  In the presence of

  Signature

  Address

  Occupation

  上述合同的格式很有代表性,其它英文格式与之相比大同大异,有的合同中不含附录。

  B. 美国 ,

  APPOINTMENT AS CONTRACT FULL-TIME SENIOR CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATOR

  AN AGREEMENT FOR SERVICES made the 1st day of September, 2000 between ______ of _____ (address)(hereinafter referred to as "the Company") as one part and Mr._______ of _______(address) (hereinafter referred to as the Contractor) of the other part.

  WHEREBY

  IT IS AGREED AND DECLARED AS FOLLOWS:

  1. THAT the Company shall …

  2. This agreement shall commence on …。

  3.

  4.

  IN WITNESS WHEREOF, both parties set their hands on the date herein mentioned

  SIGNED BY

  Name :

  Designation :

  For and on behalf of : (signature)

  Contractor :

  Designation :

  For and on behalf of : (signature)

  本合同分为四个大部分(缺附录,schedule)。与上一合同基本相同,但第一段没有谓语,不是个完整的句子。个别用词与前一合同有差别。最后落款处还多了了“职务”,即designation(有的合同还惯用position)。

  C. 香港

  CONTRACT

  CONTACT NO.

  SIGNING DATE/PLACE

  THE BUYER: Name

  Legal Address

  Contact

  THE SELLER: Name

  Legal Address

  Contact

  This contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller.

  Whereby the Buyer agrees o buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under-mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions.

  1. NAME OF COMMODITY AND SCOPE OF THE CONTRACT

  2. PRICE

  3. PAYMENT译

  4. PACKING

  5.

  IN WITHNESS WHEREOF, this contract has been executed effective as of the date first above written.

  THE BUYER THE SELLER

  ___________ ___________

  By:__________ By:__________

  Date:——_________ Date:——_________

  THE END USER

  ___________

  By: __________

  Date: ——____-_________

  比起前两个合同,该买卖合同的不同之处于在于,合同开头出现了合同编号和签署日期,当事人名称或姓名采用简单列举式。证明部分用完成时被动态,最后落款处SIGNED

  BY项目,但增加了最终用户一项。

  D. 日本

  SERVICE AGREEMENT

  This agreement is made and entered into on March 1st ,2001, by and between______ LTD (hereinafter referred to as "PARTY A"), and ________CO., LTD. ((hereinafter referred to as "PARTY B")

  WITNESSTH:

  WHEREAS, PARTY B has requested by PARTY A to dispatch its personal for the purpose of _______ to PARTY b; and

  WHEREAS, (PARTY A is willing to dispatch its personnel t PARTY B in response to such PARTY B's request)

  NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises and covenants herein contained , the parties hereto agree as follows:

  1.

  2.

  3.

  IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by their respective duly authorized officers as of the date first herinabove written.

  ______ Ltd. ________ Co., Ltd.

  (signature) (signature)

  MANAGING DIRECTOR MANAGING DIRECTOR

  该合同也由四大部分构成,与上述合同最大的不同在于,在叙述部分上端加了一个WITNESSETH(鉴于),最后落款处也没有SIGNED BY 项目,但授权签字代表的职位真接打出来,放在签字的下一行。别外,当事人的简称部分用的都是大写。

  相比之下,英文合同除个别地方外,整个合同的段落排列,句式和用词大同小异。在草拟英文合同时,只要仿用上述任何一个,都算是地道的英文表达。

  用词特点(formal term)

  合同英语的用词极其考究,具有特定性。要求选词专业化(professional)、正式(formal)、准确(accurate)。具体体现在下列方面:

  1. May, shall, must ,may not (或shall not) 的使用 ,May, shall , must ,may not (或shall not)对学过英语的人再熟悉不过,但在合同中用这些词时要极其谨慎。权利义务的约见定部分构成了合同的主体。这几个词如选用不当,可能会引起纠纷。

  may 旨在约定当事人的权利(可以做什么),Shall约定当事人的义务(应当做什么时候), must 用于强制性义务(必须做什么),may not (或shall not)用于禁止性义务(不得做什么)。May do 不能说成can do, shall do, 不能说成should do 或ought to do, may not do 在美国一些法律文件可以用shall not,但绝不能用can not do或must not ) 例如,在约定解决争议的途径时的,可以说

  The parties hereto shall, first of all, settle any dispute arising from or in connection with the contract by friendly negotiations.

  Should such negotiations fail, such dispute may be referred to the People's Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreement reached after such dispute occurs.

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