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新托福阅读题型完整解析(二)

08-08 15:11:08浏览次数:376栏目:托福阅读
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  Why does the author mention Bushmen in South Africa in paragraph 2?

  To suggest that ancient artists from all over the world painted animals on rocks

  To contrast the location of their rock paintings to those found at Lascaux

  To support the claim that early artists worked in cramped spaces

  To give an example of other artists who painted in hidden locations

  首先分析问题题目,找出其中的关键词:Bushmen in South Africa.之后回到原文看其前后的句子,找到原文的关键词for example,通过分析知道,这一例子的目的是为了说明它前面的那句话,即这些绘画的位置令人费解。作者以对比的手法来说明这一点:Bushmen in South Africa的绘画常位于洞口或洞外,而法国和西班牙的洞穴绘画(本文所说的绘画)却位于远离最初洞口的深处。由此可见,Bushmen in South Africa的例子是为了说明Lascaux绘画位置的怪异。第二个选项符合此意,为正确答案。

  总之,解决这类问题的步骤可以总结为:分析问题题目找出关键词,返回原文找原文中的关键词,理解上下文得出答案。

www.qidian55.com   IBT阅读推理题的解决策略

  推断题就是所需要的信息都包含在文章中,但是没有直接加以说明,需要考生从已知中推出。推理题的题干中常出现infer, imply , most likely (least likely) 或probably 等词语。根据OG, 在IBT 阅读的3篇文章中,每篇会有0-2道这类问题,一次考试总共有3-4道推断题。

  一、推理题的两大分类:有共性的推理题和无共性的推理题。

  这里所谓的有共性推理题就是说题干中有和原文内容相同的关键词(也叫线索)。根据关键词回原文定位,然后进行推理。一般来说,大多数的推理题都属于这类题目。对于无共性的推理题,也就是题干中无线索,一般使用排除法,即根据各个选项的关键词回原文定位,通过排除法得出正确答案。返回原文找信息点,采用排除法是解决这两类题型解决的共同策略。

  二、推理题的三个具体的解题思路:

  1、一般对比推理:根据两个事情的对比特征,问其中一个事物的特征,只要将与之形成对比的另外一个事情的特征否定掉就可以。

  2、时间对比推理:在这种推理中,一般有两个形成对比的时间段,它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时,只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。

  3、集合概念推理 :一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比,两者之间存在着互补性关系,也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的减少。反之,相同。这个比较抽象,我们来看一个例子:

  例如:Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the civil war, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.

  What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?

  (A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers.

  (B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.

  (C) Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war.

  (D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation.

  文中指出:非农业人口的数量和比例都增加了。由此可知农业人口的数量和比例下降,所以(B)为正确答案。

  三、解答这类题目需要注意的信息点:

  1.日期和数字。

  2.关键词: 表示多少的副词: many , some, much of, several , a few ,most …;情态动词:may, can , could…;表示过去的:used to be , was, were , at one time, previously ;表示不是唯一的: not only ,not exclusively等。

  总之,文中的关键词,观点,逻辑和平时的基本常识是解决这类问题的关键。

www.qidian55.com   IBT 阅读句意解释题的解决策略

  句意解释题也有人称其为“变换措辞题”,也就是用自己的语言来改写文章中的句子或者段落,以不同的方式重新陈述另一句话,保留其内容,而不改变原来句子的意思。在IBT阅读的三篇文章中,每篇文章可能有0-1道这样的题目,每次考试总共有2到3题。

  这类型题目的题干表达为:Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

  解决这类题目的三种方法:

  第一种:在保持原句序基本不变的前提下进行重点词汇或者词组的同义替换;

  第二种:在句序不变的前提下再进行重点词汇或者词组的同义替换;

  第三种:对原句进行总结性重复。

  下面我们通过一个例子来看这些方法的具体应用:

  Small marketers should be less concerned with whether U.S. and European consumers are alike and more concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences. Attention to the dynamic nature of those factors will produce opportunities for the alert marketer.

  Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.休息一下

  A marketer who is not so smart should be more concerned with the difference of eating habits between U.S. and European consumers and less concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences.

  I t is not important whether U.S. and European consumers have a similar eating habit. I t is the potential similarities and differences that people should be more concerned with.

  Marketers should focus on the factors that account for difference rather than the difference themselves.

  Monitoring the variety of foods could explain the potential similarities and differences.

  解题:

  首先,我们来分析这个句子,整个主句的主语为Small marketers,谓语为be concerned with,宾语为factors,这个分析完成之后,我们采用同意替换的方法,替换其中的重点词组-谓语be concerned with,其同义词为focus on.这样替换完之后把两个句子的意思进行比较,得出正确答案C.这道题目采用了第一种方法。

  总之,这类题目的解决步骤就是分析句子结构,找出关键词语——找出其中的重要词组进行同义替换——结合整个句子的意思进行重新组织句子——采用排除法找出正确答案。

www.qidian55.com   IBT阅读列举题的解题策略

  列举题属于老题型,在之前的老托福考试中就存在,而且数量比较多。它主要考察考生能否抓住文章主要信息,排除一些与文章内容无关信息的能力。所以,ETS也这类题型称之为“否定事实信息题”(negative factual information question)。其常用的出题形式为:

  Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passages?

  The author mentions all of the followings xxx, except xx?

  一、列举题两大分类:集中列举和分散列举

  1. 集中列举

  集中列举的形式有:三个名词或词汇连续出现,各个名词或词汇之间以逗号隔开;三个短语连续出现;三个句子连续出现。对于集中列举题,只需根据题干或选项定位原文,排除在原文的集中列举之处出现的三个选项,剩下的一个选项为正确答案。例如:

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