Watts S. Humphrey spent 27 years at IBM heading up software production and then quality assurance. But his advice was seldom paid attention to. He retired from IBM in 1986. In 1987， he worked out a system for assessing and improving software quality. It has proved its value time and again. For example， in 1990 the cost of quality at Raytheon Electronics Systems was almost 60% of total software production costs. It tell to 15% in 1996 and has since further dropped to below 10%.
Like Deming and Juran， Humphrey seems to be winning more praises overseas than at home. The Indian government and several companies have just founded the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute at the Software Technology Park in Chennai， India. Let's hope that U.S. lead in software will not be eaten up by its quality problems.
1. What country has more highest-rating companies in the world than any other country has？
A） India.
B） The US.
C） Brazil.
D） Germany.
2. Which of the following statements about Humphrey is tree？
A） He is now still an IBM employer.
B） He has worked for IBM for 37 years.
C） India honors him highly.
D） The US pays much attention to his quality advice.
3.By what means did Japan grab its large market share by the 1970s and the 1980s？
A）Its advertising was most successful.
B）Its products were cheaper in price and better in quality.
C） The US hardware industry was lagging behind.
D） Japan hired a lot of Indian software specialists.
4. What does the founding of the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute symbolize？
A） It symbolizes the US determination to move ahead with its software.
B） It symbolizes the Japanese efforts to solve the software quality problem.
C） It symbolizes the Indian ambition to take the lead in software.
D） It symbolizes the Chinese policy on importing software.
5. What is the writer worrying about？
A） Many US software specialists are working for Japan.
B） The quality problem has become a worldwide problem.
C）India and Japan are joining hands to compete with the US.
D） The US will no longer be the first software player in the world.
第3篇
Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers
Young female chimps are faster and better learners than young male chimps，sugges a new
study，echoing learning differences seen in human girls and boys.
While young male chimps pass their time playing，young female chimps carefully study their mothers.As a result，they learn how to fish for'tasty termite snacks over two years before the boys.
Elizabeth Lonsdorf，now at Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago，US，and colleagues at the University of Minnesota，Saint Paul，spent four years.watching how young chimpanzees in the Gombe National Park in Tanzania4 learned“cultural behavior”。
The sex differences in learning behavior were“consistent and strikingly apparent”，says the team.The researchers point out that similar differences are seen in human children with regard to skills such as writing.“A sex—based learning differences may therefore date back0 at 1east to the 1ast common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans，”they write in the journal Nature.
Chimps make flexible tools'：from vegetation and then insert them into termite mounds.extract them and then munch the termites clinging onto the t001.The researchers used video cameras to record this feeding behavior and found that each chimp mother had her own technique.such as how she used tools of different lengths.
Analysis of the six infants whose ages were known showed that girl chimps were an average Of 3 1 months old when they succeeded in fishing out their termites.where the boy chimps were aged 58 months on average.Females were also more skillful at getting out more termites with every dip and used techniques similar to their mothers while males did not.
Instead of studying their mothers，the boy chimps spent a significantly greater amount of time frolicking around the termite mound.Behaviors such as playing or swinging might help the male infants later in life when typically male activities like hunting or fighting for dominance become
important，suggest the researchers.
Lonsdorf adds that there are just two main sources of animal protein for chimps — the termites or colobus monkeys.“Mature males often hunt monkeys up flees.but females are almost
always either pregnant or burdened with a clinging infants.This makes hunting difficult，“ she says.”Adult females spend more time fishing for termites than males.''So becoming proficient at termite fishing'could mean.adult females eat better，“ They can watch their offspring at the same time.The young of both sexes seem to pursue activities related to their adult sex roles at a very young age.”
词汇。
chimp／n（口语）=chimpanzee／n.黑猩猩
outlearn／v.在学习上胜过
termite／n.白蚁
munch／v.用力嚼；津津有味地吃
frolic／／n.嬉戏v.（-icked；一icking）嬉戏
colobus／n.疣猴
offspring／n.子孙，后代
1.Why do young female chimps learn faster than young male chimps at fishing for termites？
A）Because young female chimps don't play with their brothers.
B）Because young female chimps begin to study their mothers earlier.
C）Because young male chimps never learn to fish for termites.
D）Because young male chimps are not interested in termites.
2.What are the tools With which chimps fish for termites？
A）Tree branches.
B）Vegetables.
C）Fruits.
D）Grass.
3.Which of the following is true about chimps fishing for termites according to paragraph 6？
A） Males often compete with females in fishing for termites.
B）Males could get out more termites with every dip.
C）Females could get out more termites with every dip.
D）Males are good at mastering technique for fishing for termites.
4.How did the researchers explain the fact that boy chimps spent more time Oil playing？
A）They like hunting.
B）They enjoy fighting.
C）It helps them to stay fit.
D）It will make them good fighters and hunters in the future.
5.According t0 the last paragraph.which of the following is NOT true？
，2017职称英语考试全真模拟试题 理工类C级第三套