The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating， but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations.
A debate continues over Mir's contributions to science. During its existence， Mir was the laboratory for 23，000 experiments and carried scientific equipment， estimated to be worth $80 million， from many nations. Experiments on Mir are credited with a range of findings， from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space. But for those favoring human space exploration， Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars. The longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Russian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips to the space station. The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid， who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996.
Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished， 1997 was a bad year out of 15 for Mir. In 1997， an oxygen generator caught fire. Later， the main computer system broke down， causing the station to drift several times and there were power failures.
Most of these problems were repaired， with American help and suppliers， but Mir's reputation as a space station was ruined.
Mir's setbacks are nothing， though， when we compare them with its accomplishments. Mir was a tremendous success， which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. But it's time to move on to the next generation. The International Space Station being built will be better， but it owes a great debt to Mir.
1. Paragraph 4
2. Paragraph 5
3. Paragraph 6
4. Paragraph 8
A Rewards following the U.S. financial injectionB Mir's firsts in scientific experiments and space explorationC Undeniable Mir's achievementsD Mir regarded as a complete failureE Mir's problem yearF A great debt owned to the International Space Station
5. Mir enhanced the confidence in the scientists that humans living in space for a long time was ……
6. In Mir， the U.S. astronauts created ……
7. When we think of Mir in terms of its achievements， its setbacks are ……
8. The writer tends to think that Mir was ……
A everything.B nothing.C a tremendous failure.D quite possible.E many firsts.F a great success.
第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第1篇
The Gene Industry
Major companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes in the automobile to monitor exhaust and send data on pollution to a microprocessor that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what the New York Times calls " metal-hungry microbes that might be used to mine valuable trace metals from ocean water ". They have already demanded and won the right to patent new lifeforms.
Nervous critics， including many scientists， worry that there is corporate， national， international， and inter-scientific rivalry in the entire biotechnological field. They create images not of oil spills， but of " microbe spills " that could spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and accidental release of extremely poisonous microbes， however， is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and respectable scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger the imagination.
Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay， thereby relieving the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain？ Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement， for example， creating pilots with faster reaction times or assembly-line workers designed to do our monotonous work for us？ Should we attempt to eliminate " inferior " people and breed a " super -race "？ （Hitler tried this， but without the genetic weaponry that may soon issue from our laboratories.） Should we produce soldiers to do our fighting？ Should we use genetic forecasting to pre-eliminate " unfit " babies？ Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves， each of us having， as it were， a " savings bank " full of spare kidney， livers or hands？
Wild as these notions may sound， every one has its advocates （and opposers） in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application. As two critics of genetic engineering， Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard， state in their book Who Should Play God？ " Broad Scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the same way as assembly lines， automobiles， vaccines， computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance becomes commercially practical， a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created."
1. According to the passage， the exhaust from a car engine could probably be checked by
A） using metal-hungry microbes .
B） making use of enzymes.
C） adjusting the engine.
D） patenting new life forms.
2. According to the passage， which of the following would worry the critics the most？
A） The unanticipated explosion of population
B） The creation of biological solar cells.
C） The accidental spill of oil.
D） The unexpected release of destructive microbes.
3. Which of the following notions is NOT mentioned？
A） Developing a " savings bank " of one's organs.
B） Breeding soldiers for a war.
C） Producing people with cow-like stomachs.
D） Using genetic forecasting to cure diseases.
4. According to the passage， Hitler attempted to
A） changed the pilots biologically to win the war.
B） develop genetic farming for food supply.
C） kill the people he thought of as inferior.
D） encourage the development of genetic weapons for the war.
5. What dose Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard's statement imply？
A） The commercial applications of genetic engineering are inevitable.
，2017职称英语考试全真模拟试题理工类B级第一套