动词不规则变化

08-08 13:17:29浏览次数:256栏目:英语语法
标签:英语语法学习,英语语法大全,英语语法入门, 动词不规则变化,

  1.动词不规则变化是指动词的过去式和过去分词不按一定的规则变化。

  2.动词不规则变化的具体变化规则如下。

  (1)现在式、过去式、过去分词同形。如 read→read→read,

  put→put→put,hit→hit→hit,let→let→let,cost→cost→cost,spread→spread→spread.

  I have read this book twice before.

  这本书我已经读过两遍了。

  The book hit me on the head.

  书打中了我的脑袋。

  I put the apple in the corner.

  我把苹果放在墙角。

  (2)过去式、过去分词同形。如 win→won→won,

  dig→dug→dug,find→found→found,feel→felt→felt,

  leave→left→left,meet→met→met,sit→sat→sat,

  stand→stood→stood,say→said→said,

  tell→told→told,make→made→made,

  hear→heard→heard,sell→sold→sold.

  I stood up and turned.

  我站起来,转过身。

  It was aware of having been found, then it ran away.

  它觉察到自己被发现了,于是逃跑了。

  I sat quietly staring at the apple.

  我静静地坐在那里盯着苹果。

  I felt happy at being praised by parents.

  被父母夸奖我感到很高兴。

  (3)现在式与过去分词同形。如 come→came→come,

  become→ became→become,run→ran→run.

  It was aware of having been found, then it ran away.

  它觉察到自己被发现了,于是逃跑了。

  (4)现在式、过去式、过去分词三种各不同形。如 is(am,are)

  →was(was, were)→been,do→did→done,

  go→went→gone,lie→lay→lain,begin→

  began→begun,ring→rang→rung,sing→sang→sung,

  swim→swam→swum,see→saw→seen,

  eat→ate→eaten,give→gave→given,

  take→took→taken,fall→fell→fallen,

  know→knew→known,throw→ threw→ thrown,

  wear→wore→worn,speak→spoke→spoken,

  choose→chose→chosen,break→broke→broken,

  drive→ drove→driven,write→wrote→written,

  forget→forgot→forgot(ten),get→got→got(ten),

  hide→hid→hid(den),show→ showed→show(showed)。

  I was reading a book and eating an apple.

  我正在吃着苹果读书。

  A book fell off the bookshelf.

  一本书从书架上掉了下来。

  I saw a little rat on the top of the shelf.

  我看见书架顶上有一只小老鼠。

  I took a bottle of liquid medicine to kill the rat.

  我拿了一瓶灭鼠药水。

  The rat died before it ate up the apple.

  老鼠还没吃完苹果就死掉了。

  I got angry with this rat.

  我生了这只老鼠的气。

  3.另注:

  (1)一些动词变化的英美不同。

  <1>burn,dream,learn,spell,smell,lean,spill,spoil在美语

  中为规则动词;在英语中可为规则动词,不过用作不规

  则动词较为普通。

  <2>在美语中wake的过去分词也可用waked.

  <3> fit,quit和wet在英语中是规则动词;但在美语中是不规则

  动词,三种形式相同。

  <4>dive在英语中是规则动词;在美语中则为不规则:

  dive→dove→dived.

  <5>get的过去分词在美语中也常是gotten.

  (2)字典里有少数动词的过去分词有两个,其中的一个字尾为

  “en”,此类字尾为“en”的过去分词现在多用作形容词,

  而不用作时态之一部份(即不用作完成时态里的过去分词)。

    如:

  ill-gotten wealth

  不义之财。gotten是作形容词用的过去分词。

  He has got wealth by ill means.

  他以不正当的手段得到钱财。got是完成式里的过去分词。

  (3)助动词只有现在式和过去式,没有过去分词。

  现在式 过去式 过去分词

  shall should 无

  can could 无

  will would 无

  may might 无

  must 无 无

  ought 无 无

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